Artificial insemination is the technique in which deep frozen semen after thawing is inseminated into the reproductive tract by mechanical methods at the proper time and under most hygienic with the help of instruments and by trained AI technician.
Artificial insemination is not merely a novel method of bringing about impregnation in females. Instead, it is a powerful tool mostly employed for livestock breed improvement. In artificial insemination, the germplasm of the bulls of superior quality can be effectively utilized with the least regard for their location in faraway places. By adoption of artificial insemination, there would be considerable reduction in both genital and non-genital diseases in the animals.
Symptom of Heats
various symptoms of heat are
• are in excited and restlessness condition.
• bellows frequently.
• reduce the intake of feed.
• lick other animals and smelling
• mount on other animals
• remain standstill when another animal try to mount. This period is known as standing heat. This period remain up to 14-16 hours from onset of estrus.
• Frequent maturation (urination) will be observed.
• clear mucous discharge from the vulva, sometimes it will be string like the mucous will be seen stick to the near the pasts of valva.
• swelling of the valva
• raised tail position.
• Milk production slightly decreased
Advantages of Artificial Insemination
There are several advantages by artificial insemination over natural mating or servicing.
• no need of maintenance of breeding bull; hence the cost of maintenance of breeding bull is saved.
• It prevents the spread of genital diseases
• better breeding efficiency is ensured.
• progeny testing can be done at an early age.
• semen of a desired size can be used even after the death of that particular sire.
• semen can be transported in liquid nitrogen for insemination at farmer’s door step
• helps in maintaining the accurate breeding and cawing records.
Disadvantages of AI
• Requires well-trained operations and special equipment.
• Requires more time than natural services.
• Improper cleaning of instruments and in sanitary conditions may lead to lower fertility.
• If the bull is not properly tested, the spreading of genital diseases will be increased.
• Necessitates the knowledge of the structure and function of reproduction on the part of operator.
Timing of Insemination for Maximum conception
Since estrus may last from 10 to 25 hours and 36 to 48 hours there is considerable latitude in possible time of insemination. Much research work has been conducted on this subject. The studies show that conception rate is lower when cows are bred prior to mid estrus or later than 6 hours after cessation of estrus (standing heat in this case).
Maximal conception is obtained when cows are inseminated between mid-estrus and the end of standing estrus, with good results up to 6 hours after estrus. Success in insemination timing is dependent upon a good heat detection program. In large herds, this means assigning individual responsibility for heat detection and a continued education program for labor. A successful heat detection program and subsequent proper timing of insemination will pay dividends in increasing reproductive efficiency.
As per Livestock Census (2019) there are 242.42 lakh of breedable population in the state. Out of above breedable population 50% available for AI in an year. The Department of AH UP is providing farmer’s doorstep AI service with convention semen and sexed semen both. Besides the above the In Vitro Fertilization Technique also started at farm level which may be extended in field too to get high genetic merit male and female. It has been noticed and lesson learnt that farmers are inclining towards indigenous breed of animals like Sahiwal, Tharparker and Gir because of its high resistance value against climate change and withstand well in adverse condition too. The DOAH and UPLDB are ensuring the availability of Indigenous breed’s deep frozen semen at all AI centers of the state as per breeding policy. The target for AI in financial year 2022-23 is 174.00 lakh AI. In last financial year i.e. 2021-22 146.85 lakh AI done in field.
Milk contributes more than 60 per cent of the total livestock production and accounts for nearly 67.69 per cent of the value of the output of the livestock sector's contribution to the national GDP.
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PROVISIONAL MILK PRODUCTION DATA 2021
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|
S.No.
|
State/UTs
|
Milk (LMT)
|
Growth Rate (%)
|
|
2020-21
|
2019-20
|
|
All India
|
2099.60
|
1984.40
|
5.81
|
|
1
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Uttar Pradesh
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313.59
|
318.64
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-1.58
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2
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Rajasthan
|
307.23
|
255.73
|
20.14
|
|
3
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Madhya Pradesh
|
179.99
|
171.09
|
5.20
|
|
4
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Gujarat
|
158.53
|
152.92
|
3.66
|
|
5
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Andhra Pradesh
|
147.14
|
152.63
|
-3.60
|
|
6
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Maharashtra
|
137.03
|
120.24
|
13.96
|
|
7
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Punjab
|
133.94
|
133.48
|
0.35
|
|
8
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Bihar
|
115.02
|
104.80
|
9.74
|
|
9
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Haryana
|
112.84
|
117.35
|
-3.84
|
|
10
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Karnataka
|
109.36
|
90.31
|
21.09
|
|
11
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Tamil Nadu
|
97.90
|
87.59
|
11.77
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Productivity Kg/day
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|
Animal
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India
|
UP
|
|
Exotic/ CB
|
8.20
|
7.40
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Indigenous
|
3.08
|
3.10
|
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Buffalo
|
6.80
|
4.80
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Total Milk Production (MT) Yr 2020-21
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Content
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India
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Uttar Pradesh
|
Uttar Pradesh Share%
|
|
Total Milk
Production (MT)
|
198.44
|
30.5
|
15.37
|
|
Cow exotic
production %
|
0.98
|
0.05
|
5.00
|
|
Cow Crossbred
production %
|
27.68
|
2.21
|
8.00
|
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Cow
Indigenous production %
|
9.63
|
0.77
|
8.00
|
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Cow ND
production %
|
10.42
|
0.63
|
6.00
|
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Buffalo
Indigenous Production %
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34.51
|
20.71
|
60.00
|
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Buffalo ND production
%
|
13.83
|
1.66
|
12.00
|
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Goat
production %
|
2.95
|
0.03
|
1.00
|